PRACA ORYGINALNA
The role of new technologies in the context of security in selected areas of the smart city - the case of Polish Fire Service
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
University of Silesia in Katowice
 
 
Data nadesłania: 02-11-2025
 
 
Data akceptacji: 19-06-2026
 
 
Data publikacji: 29-07-2026
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Małgorzata Suchacka   

University of Silesia in Katowice
 
 
JoMS 2026;66(2):533-556
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Objectives:
This article aims to analyse documents and case studies of fire brigade activities in the context of smart city functioning.

Material and methods:
For the purpose of this study, the authors adopted a qualitative research approach that included document analysis and analysis of exceptional cases meeting the criterion of technology use during operational activities.

Results:
The study has shown that the digitalisation process in the State Fire Service (PSP) represents not only technological modernisation but also a complex social phenomenon inherent in the logic of smart city development. The analysis of institutional documents and practices has revealed that digital tools are changing operational procedures, redefining relationships between services and communities, becoming a means of building trust and institutional legitimacy. Simultaneously, an ‘implementation gap’ has been revealed – a discrepancy between normative assumptions and the daily practice of rescue operations – indicating the need for flexible adaptation.

Conclusions:
The effectiveness of innovative solutions depends not only on the systems themselves but also on adaptability, collaboration, and the joint development of safety standards. The smart city thus emerges as a dynamic socio-technical system in which security arises from a constant negotiation between the promise of technological control and the real experience of risk and uncertainty.
Licencja
REFERENCJE (61)
1.
Adreani, L., Bellini, P., Fanfani, M., Nesi, P., & Pantaleo, G. (2024). Smart City Digital Twin Framework for Real-Time Multi-Data Integration and Wide Public Distribution. IEEE Access, 12, 76277–76303. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS....
 
2.
Allam, Z., & Newman, P. (2018). Redefining the Smart City: Culture, Metabolism and Governance. Smart Cities, 1(1), 4–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartc....
 
3.
Baraniewicz-Kotasińska, S. (2023). Smart city: Kto rządzi w inteligentnych miastach? (Wydanie I). PWN.
 
4.
Baryłka, A. (2015). Podstawy inżynierii bezpieczeństwa obiektów antropogenicznych. Inżynieria bezpieczeństwa obiektów antropogenicznych. (1), 10–16.
 
5.
Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., Ouzounis, G., & Portugali, Y. (2012). Smart cities of the future. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 214(1), 481–518. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/....
 
6.
Beck, U. (2002). Społeczeństwo ryzyka: W drodze do innej nowoczesności (S. Cieśla, Tłum.). Scholar.
 
7.
Costa, D. G., Peixoto, J. P. J., Jesus, T. C., Portugal, P., Vasques, F., Rangel, E., & Peixoto, M. (2022). A Survey of Emergencies Management Systems in Smart Cities. IEEE Access, 10, 61843–61872. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS....
 
8.
Damaševičius, R., Bacanin, N., & Misra, S. (2023). From Sensors to Safety: Internet of Emergency Services (IoES) for Emergency Response and Disaster Management. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 12(3), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan12....
 
9.
Ejdys, J. (2017). Determinanty zaufania do technologii. Przegląd Organizacji, 20–27. https://doi.org/10.33141/po.20....
 
10.
Erdelj, M., Król, M., & Natalizio, E. (2017). Wireless Sensor Networks and Multi-UAV systems for natural disaster management. Computer Networks, 124, 72–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comn....
 
11.
ESRI®. (2006). GIS technology and applications for the Fire Service. ESRI.
 
12.
Fountain, J. E. (2001). Building the virtual state: Information technology and institutional change. Brookings Institution Press.
 
13.
Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Milanović, N., & Meijers, E. (2007). Smart cities—Ranking of European medium-sized cities.
 
14.
Glinka, B., Czakon, W., & Glinka, B. (2021). Podstawy badań jakościowych. Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne.
 
15.
Gonçalves, I., Rodrigues, L., Silva, F. A., Nguyen, T. A., Min, D., & Lee, J.-W. (2021). Surveillance System in Smart Cities: A Dependability Evaluation Based on Stochastic Models. Electronics, 10(8), 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/electr....
 
16.
Hashem, I. A. T., Chang, V., Anuar, N. B., Adewole, K., Yaqoob, I., Gani, A., Ahmed, E., & Chiroma, H. (2016). The role of big data in smart city. International Journal of Information Management, 36(5), 748–758.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijin....
 
17.
Ismagilova, E., Hughes, L., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2022). Security, Privacy and Risks Within Smart Cities: Literature Review and Development of a Smart City Interaction Framework. Information Systems Frontiers, 24(2), 393–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796....
 
18.
ISO 37122 (standard Nr ISO 37122:2019). (2019). ISO 37122:2019 Sustainable cities and communities — Indicators for smart cities. https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/en/....
 
19.
ITS Tychy. (2022). Inteligentny System Zarządzania i Sterowania Ruchem w Tychach. https://projekt.its.tychy.pl/.
 
20.
Johnson, T. L., Johnson, N. N., Topalli, V., McCurdy, D., & Wallace, A. (2024). Police facial recognition applications and violent crime control in U.S. cities. Cities, 155, 105472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.citi....
 
21.
KG PSP. (2019). Plan podziału zadań Host Nation Support (HNS). KG PSP. https://www.gov.pl/attachment/....
 
22.
KG PSP. (2023). Zasady ewidencjonowania zdarzeń w SWD PSP. KG PSP. https://www.gov.pl/attachment/....
 
23.
KG PSP. (2013). Zasady organizacji działań ratowniczych. KG PSP. https://www.gov.pl/attachment/....
 
24.
KG PSP. (2025). Zasady organizacji sztabu na potrzeby działań ratowniczych. KG PSP https://www.gov.pl/attachment/....
 
25.
Kitchin, R. (2016). The ethics of smart cities and urban science. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 374(2083), 20160115. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2....
 
26.
Krajowy Plan Odbudowy i Zwiększania Odporności – COPE MSWiA. https://copemswia.gov.pl/krajo....
 
27.
Krajowy Plan Odbudowy i Zwiększania Odporności—Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji—Portal Gov.pl. Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji. https://www.gov.pl/web/mswia/k....
 
28.
Lacinák, M., & Ristvej, J. (2017). Smart City, Safety and Security. Procedia Engineering, 192, 522–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proe....
 
29.
Laufs, J., Borrion, H., & Bradford, B. (2020). Security and the smart city: A systematic review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 55, 102023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.....
 
30.
Lee, J., & Kukita, S. (2018). Case study of data-driven city management in cities abroad. NEC Technical Journal, 13(1). https://www.nec.com/en/global/....
 
31.
Lee, W.-H., & Chiu, C.-Y. (2020). Design and Implementation of a Smart Traffic Signal Control System for Smart City Applications. Sensors, 20(2), 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20020....
 
32.
Lyu, M., Zhao, Y., Huang, C., & Huang, H. (2023). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Search and Rescue: A Survey. Remote Sensing, 15(13), 3266. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1513....
 
33.
Łańcut News. (2025, lipca 8). Skutki nawałnicy. Łańcut News. https://lancutnews.pl/skutki-n....
 
34.
Mohsin, A. S. M., & Muyeed, M. A. (2024). IoT based smart emergency response system (SERS) for monitoring vehicle, home and health status. Discover Internet of Things, 4(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926....
 
35.
Nam, T., & Pardo, T. A. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times, 282–291. https://doi.org/10.1145/203755....
 
36.
Nigdy nie lekceważ ostrzeżeń. (2024). naTemat.pl. https://natemat.pl/570203,trag....
 
37.
Olejnik, Ł. (2024). Wsparcie teleinformatyczne kierującego działaniem ratowniczym. Uniwersytet Kaliski.
 
38.
Parczewski, R. (2024). The role of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in ecological security. Journal of Modern Science, 58(4), 511–530. https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/1....
 
39.
Pettet, G., Mukhopadhyay, A., Kochenderfer, M. J., & Dubey, A. (2021). Hierarchical planning.
 
40.
for resource allocation in emergency response systems. Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 12th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1145/345026....
 
41.
Pietrzak, P., & Takala, J. (2021). Digital trust – a systematic literature review. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 3, 59–71. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_V....
 
42.
Pirklbauer, K., & Findling, R. D. (2021). Storm Operation Prediction: Modeling the Occurrence of Storm Operations for Fire Stations. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1109/PerCom....
 
43.
Polscy strażacy z pomocą ratowniczą dla Turcji dotkniętej trzęsieniem ziemi. (2023). https://www.gov.pl/web/kgpsp/p....
 
44.
Pożar i zawalenie się kamienicy w Cieszynie. (2025). Komenda Powiatowa Państwowej Straży Pożarnej w Cieszynie. https://www.gov.pl/web/kppsp-c....
 
45.
Recertyfikacja HUSAR Poland w Gdańsku. (2025). Komenda Miejska Państwowej Straży Pożarnej w Gdańsku. https://www.gov.pl/web/kmpsp-g....
 
46.
Rozporządzenie Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji z dnia 17 września 2021 r. w sprawie szczegółowej organizacji krajowego systemu ratowniczo-gaśniczego, Nr Dz.U. 2021 poz. 1737 (2021). https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.....
 
47.
Rozwój grup dronowych w PSP. Przegląd Pożarniczy. https://www.ppoz.pl/czytelnia/....
 
48.
Skorek, M. (2024). Proces budowania i wprowadzania rozwiązań IT w działaniach operacyjnych Państwowej Straży Pożarnej na przykładzie aplikacji System Wspomagania Sztabu. Górnośląskie Studia Socjologiczne. Seria Nowa, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.31261/GSS_S....
 
49.
Souza, I. P. G. F. D., Silva, J. I. A. D., Carneiro, M. D. O., Araújo, T. B., & Lopes Filho, J. G. (2022). A Mobile Application to Support Decision-Making in the Context of Forest Fires. Anais Estendidos do XVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação (SBSI Estendido 2022), 5–8. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbsi_e....
 
50.
Strażacy w działaniach przeciwpowodziowych. (2024). Komenda Główna Państwowej Straży Pożarnej. https://www.gov.pl/web/kgpsp/s....
 
51.
Surmann, H., Kruijff-Korbayova, I., Daun, K., Schnaubelt, M., Stryk, O. von, Patchou, M., Boecker, S., Wietfeld, C., Quenzel, J., Schleich, D., Behnke, S., Grafe, R., Heidemann, N., & Slomma, D. (2022). Lessons from Robot-Assisted Disaster Response Deployments by the German Rescue Robotics Center Task Force (Nr arXiv:2212.09354). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv....
 
52.
UMPC. (2023). Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji. https://www.gov.pl/web/mswia/u....
 
53.
UN-Habitat. (2023, wrzesień). International guidelines on people-centred smart cities (Final version). https://unhabitat.org/sites/de....
 
54.
UN-Habitat. (2024, październik). Call for open online consultation: Third draft of international guidelines on people-centred smart cities for review (Version 04) [Draft document]. https://unhabitat.org/sites/de....
 
55.
United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development | Department of Economic and Social Affairs. https://sdgs.un.org/.
 
56.
2030agenda.
 
57.
Ward, B. (2010). Firefighting in the New Economy: Changes in Skill and the Impact of Technology. University of Maryland.
 
58.
Weidinger, J. (2022). What is known and what remains unexplored: A review of the firefighter information technologies literature. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 78, 103115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdr....
 
59.
Wereda, W. S., Moch, N., & Skwarski, A. (2025). The smart city concept as a method of building urban resilience to threats: Evidence from Poland. Journal of Modern Science, 62(2), 405–426. https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/2....
 
60.
Wolf, K., Dawson, R. J., Mills, J. P., Blythe, P., & Morley, J. (2022). Towards a digital twin for supporting multi-agency incident management in a smart city. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 16221. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598....
 
61.
Zhang, H., Zhang, R., & Sun, J. (2025). Developing real-time IoT-based public safety alert and emergency response systems. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 29056. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598....
 
eISSN:2391-789X
ISSN:1734-2031
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top