New psychoactive substances. The phenomenon development and the institutional and legal mechanisms for its prevention
 
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Pracownia Kryminologii i Kryminalistyki
 
 
Data nadesłania: 10-09-2018
 
 
Data akceptacji: 29-03-2019
 
 
Data publikacji: 07-05-2019
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Dorota Semków   

Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Pracownia Kryminologii i Kryminalistyki
 
 
JoMS 2019;40(1):45-64
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Objectives:
The aim of the study is a multifaceted analysis of New Psychoaktive Substances(NPS), which will allow for a deeper understanding of the causes of such a wide scale of NPS their diversity and ease of accessibility. Considering the above, the article attempts to stress the priority issues according to the article’s author and which are crucial in the process of NPS prevention.

Material and methods:
The author used:national and international studies and articles, internal and international laws,data from UE and United Nations, data of law enforcement agencies. The methods used are: formal-dogmantic, legal-comparative and sociological method.

Results:
The observed phenomenon is an attempt to bypass the law by launching psychoactive substances on the market whose possession and sale is not regulated by the existing drug law. The number of chemically and biologically modified substances is dramatically increasing and the substances themselves are increasingly stronger and threatening people's health and lives.

Conclusions:
Particular attention should be paid to the development of appropriate legal mechanisms in the area of NPS control. At present, one can see an intensified system of creating new or amending existing legislative regulations.The reason for the development of new psychoactive substances to date was, on the one hand, the weakness of the legal regulations in force, both national and international, and on the other, specialized technical and chemical capabilities of manufacturers.The mechanisms functioning in the EU as well as legal regulations in individual countries have been improved.The introduced provisions are aimed at enabling a more effective fight against NPS.The activities of prevention, detection and control of new psychoactive substances are important in the process of effective fight against NPS.

 
REFERENCJE (30)
1.
Abdulrahim, D., Bowden-Jones, O. (2015).,Guidance on the management of acute and chronic harms of club drugs and novel psychoactive substances, Novel Psychoactive Treatment UK Netwotk, London.
 
2.
Deluca, P., Davey, Z., Corazza, O., Di Furia, L., Farre, M., Flesland, L.H. (2012).,Identifying emerging trends in recreational drug use; outcomes from the psychonaut web mapping project, Progress in Neuro-Psychophamacolgy& Biological Psychiatry39(2), DOI:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.07.011.
 
3.
European Drugs Report. Trends and Developments (2017), European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Luxembourg., ISBN 9497073978922.
 
4.
Ewans-Brown, M., Sedevor, R. (2017).,New Psychoactive Substances: Driving Greater Complexity into the Drug Problem,Addiction, V. 112, Issue, January, DOI:10.1111/add.13528.
 
5.
Farre, M., Galindo, L., Torrens, M. (2014). ,Addiction to Hallucinogens Dissociatives, Designer Drugs and “Legal Highs”, in: Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International perspectives, N. El-Guebaly, G. Carra, M. Galanter. ISBN 9788847053212.
 
6.
Halford, B. A glimpse inside the sophisticated world of synthetic cannabinoids. Chem Eng News. Available at: http://cen.acs.org/articles/93...- phisticated-World-Synthetic.html, access: 20.04.2017.
 
7.
Hanausek, T. (2009).,Kryminalistyka [Criminology], Krakow, Wydawnictwo Zakamycze., ISBN: 8374440880.
 
8.
Jabłoński, P., Malczewski, A. (2014).,Dopalacze. Skala zjawiska i przeciwdziałanie [Legal Highs. Scale of the Phenomenon and Counteracting],Warszawa, National Bureau for Drug Prevention., ISBN: 9788393807185.
 
9.
Jędrzejko, M., Kowalewska, A. (2009).,Narkomania – wybrane pojęcia i definicje [Drug Addiction - Selected Terms and Definitions], ed. T Jędrzejko, Narkomania – spojrzenie wielowymiarowe [Drug Addiction - Multidimensional View], Pułtusk– -Warsaw, Oficyna Wydawnicza ASPRA-JR.,ISBN: 9788375451214.
 
10.
Kasper, A.M., Ridpath, A.D, Arnold, J.K., Chatham-Stephens, K., Morrison, M., Olayinka, O., Parker, C., Galli, R., Cox, R., Preacely, N., Anderson, J., Kyle, P.B., Gerona, R., Martin, C., Schier, J., Wolkin, A., Dobbs, T. (2015). ,Severe Illness Associated with Reported Use of Synthetic Cannabinoids - Mississippi, April 2015, MMWR Mordibity and Mortality Weekly Report., Oct 9;64(39), DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6439a7.
 
11.
Lindigkeit, R., Boeheme, A., Eiserloh, I., Luebbecke, M., Wiggermann, M., Ernst, L., Beuerle, T. (2009).Spice: never ending story?, Forensic Science International, V. 191, Issues 1-3, 30 October, DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.06.008.
 
12.
Malczewski, A. (2017).,Nowe substancje psychoaktywne – coraz groźniejsze [New Psychoactive Substances – More and More Threatening], Serwis Informacyjny Uzależnienia, issue 4(80)., ISSN 2543-8816.
 
13.
Michalewki, B., Granowski, K., Wodowski, G. (2015).,Nowe Substancje Psychoaktywne. Zdrowie-Prawo-Zagrożenia [New Psychoactive Substances. Health-Law-Threats, Krakow, Stowarzyszenie Monar.
 
14.
Morris, H., Criminal chlorination. An interview with a clandestine chemist, Available at: http://www.vice.com/read/crimi..., access: 17.04.2017.
 
15.
Rymanowska-Tkaczyk, K. (2016).,Kilka uwag na temat środka zastępczego w aspekcie teoretycznoprawnym [A Few Comments on the Substitute Means in the Theoretical Legal Aspect], “Palestra 2016”, item 23/a, Http://www.e.palestra.pl, access: 20.08.2018., ISSN 0031-0344.
 
16.
Shevyrin, V., Melkozerov, V., Nevero, A., Eltsov, O., Shafran, Y., Morzherin, Y., Lebedev, A.T. (2015).,Identification and analytical characteristics of synthetic cannabinoids with an indazole-3-carboxamide structure bearing a N-1-methoxycarbonylalkyl group,Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, August, Volume 407, Issue 21, DOI 10.1007/s00216-015-8612-7.
 
17.
The Challenge of New Psychoactive Substances - Global SMART Programme(2013),United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Vienna, United Nations Publications.
 
18.
The EU Drug Markets Report. Strategic Review 2016, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Joint publications of the EMCDDA and Europol, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg., ISBN: 9789294970411.
 
19.
Tkaczyk-Rymanowska, K., (2016).,Problem tzw. dopalaczy i nowych narkotyków w świetle zmian normatywnych do ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii [The Problem of So-Called Legal Highs and New Drugs in the Light of Normative Changes to the Law on Counteracting Drug Addiction] “Prokuratura i Prawo” 9., ISSN 1233-2577.
 
20.
Warecki, K. (2010).,Dopalacze [Legal Highs], Radom, Polskie Wydawnictwo Encyklopedyczne., ISBN 9788375570960.
 
21.
World Drug Report (2013)., United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, New York, United Nations Publications., ISBN: 978-92-1-148273-7.
 
22.
Woronowicz, B.T. (2003).,Bez tajemnic: o uzależnieniach i ich leczeniu [No Secrets: about Addictions and Their Treatment], Warszawa, Institute Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii., ISBN 8385705554.
 
23.
Zajączkowski, K. (2003).,Uzależnienia od substancji psychoaktywnych [Addiction to Psychoactive Substances], Warszawa, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne., ISBN 8302089338.
 
24.
Online sources.
 
25.
Global SMART Programme, UNODC Early Warning Advisory on New Psychoactive Substances, www.unodc.orga, access: 29.08.2018.
 
26.
Nowe substancje psychoaktywne (dopalacze) – chemicy kontra prawnicy [New Psychoactive Substances (Boosters) – Chemists versus Lawyers], www.uslugikryminalityczne.pl, access: 25.08.2018.
 
27.
Nowe substancje psychoaktywne tzw. dopalacze [New Psychoactive Substances, So-Called Legal Highs] (2017), Narodowy Instytut Leków, Narodowe Laboratorium Kontroli Produktów Leczniczych Wyrobów Medycznych i Produktów Biobójczych, Http://www.nil.gov.pl, access: 28.08.2018.
 
28.
Strzelecka A., Nowe rozwiązania prawne dotyczące Nowych Substancji Psychoaktywnych [New Legal Solutions for New Psychoactive Substances] (2017), Centrum Informacji o Narkotykach i Narkomani Krajowego Biura ds. Przeciwdziałania Narkomanii, access: 22.08.2018.
 
29.
System Wczesnego Ostrzegania [Early Warning System] (2015), Information Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction National Office for Combating Drug Addiction, www.cinn.gov.pl, access: 27.08.2018.
 
30.
The EU Early Warning System (2018), European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, www.emcdda.europa.eu, 2018, access: 27.08.2018.
 
eISSN:2391-789X
ISSN:1734-2031
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top