ORIGINAL PAPER
Multidimensional analysis of the strategic orientation of manufacturing enterprises in the agricultural machinery sector – an expert assessment model
 
More details
Hide details
1
WSB Merito University in Gdańsk
 
2
University of Zielona Gora
 
3
University of Gdańsk
 
 
Submission date: 2026-04-26
 
 
Final revision date: 2026-07-15
 
 
Acceptance date: 2026-09-24
 
 
Publication date: 2026-10-29
 
 
Corresponding author
Przemysław Niewiadomski   

Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
 
 
JoMS 2026;67(3):99-128
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Objectives:
The aim of this article is to identify factors and assess the level of strategic orientation of manufacturing companies operating in the agricultural machinery sector using a multidimensional model encompassing six areas: strategic planning, finance, innovation, production, product management, and sustainability.

Material and methods:
The study was conducted on a sample of 81 domain and industry experts representing manufacturing companies in the agricultural machinery industry. An expert research method was used, based on a proprietary survey questionnaire and a five-point rating scale. The analysis included calculating mean values ​​and synthetic indicators for individual dimensions of strategic orientation.

Results:
The research results indicate that the surveyed companies are characterized by a dominant long-term, hybrid orientation. The highest levels of strategic orientation were observed in the areas of production and strategic planning, while the lowest were observed in the area of ​​sustainable development. The results also revealed significant variation between the analyzed dimensions, indicating partial strategic inconsistency among the surveyed entities.

Conclusions:
The research findings confirm the multidimensional nature of strategic orientation and the need for its integration across various areas of enterprise operations. The research model used provides a useful diagnostic tool, allowing for the identification of both the level and structure of strategic orientation in manufacturing companies.
REFERENCES (30)
1.
Covin, J.G., Miller, D. (2014). International entrepreneurial orientation: Conceptual considerations, research themes, measurement issues, and future research directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(1), 11–44, https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.1....
 
2.
 Deutscher, F., Zapkau, F.B., Schwens, C., Baum, M., Kabst, R. (2016). Strategic orientations and performance: A configurational perspective. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 849–861, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbus....
 
3.
Evers, N., Gliga, G., Rialp-Criado, A. (2019). Strategic orientation pathways in international new ventures and born global firms-towards a research agenda. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 17(3), 287–304, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843....
 
4.
Frishammar, J., Andersson, S. (2009). The overestimated role of strategic orientations for international performance in smaller firms. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843....
 
5.
Gabrielsson, P., Gabrielsson, M. (2013). A dynamic model of growth phases and survival in international business-to-business new ventures: The moderating effect of decision-making logic. Industrial MarketingManagement, 42(8), 1357–1373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indm....
 
6.
Gatignon, H., Xuereb, J.M. (1997). Strategic orientation of the firm and new product performance. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(1), 77–90, https://doi.org/10.2307/315206....
 
7.
Gierszewska G., Olszewska B., Skonieczny J. (2013). Zarządzanie strategiczne dla inżynierów. Warszawa: PWE.
 
8.
Gierszewska G., Romanowska M. (2014). Analiza strategiczna przedsiębiorstwa. PWE, Warszawa: PWE, 2.
 
9.
Grinstein, A. (2008). The relationships between market orientation and alternative strategic orientations. European Journal of Marketing, 42 (1/2), 115–134, https://doi.org/10.1108/030905....
 
10.
Hakala, H. (2011). Strategic orientations in management literature: Three approaches to understanding the interaction between market, technology, entrepreneurial and learning orientations. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(2), 199–217, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468....
 
11.
Handoyo, S., Suharman, H., Ghani, E.K., Soedarsono, S. (2023). A business strategy, operational efficiency, ownership structure, and manufacturing performance: The moderating role of market uncertainty and competition intensity and its implication on open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(2), 100039.
 
12.
Hurley, R.F., Tomas, M.H.G. (1998). Innovation, market orientation, and organizational learning: An integration and empirical examination. Journal of Marketing, 62(3), 42–54, https://doi.org/10.2307/125174....
 
13.
Jansen, J.J.P., Van Den Bosch, F.A.J., Volberda, H.W. (2006). Exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation, and performance: Effects of organizational antecedents and environmental moderators. Management Science, 52(11), 1661–1674, https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1....
 
14.
Jantunen, A., Nummela, N., Puumalainen, K., Saarenketo, S. (2008). Strategic orientations of born globals – do they really matter?. Journal of World Business, 43(2), 158–170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.....
 
15.
Jaworski, B.J., Kohli, A.K. (1993). Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences, Journal of Marketing, 57(3), 53–70, https://doi.org/10.2307/125185....
 
16.
Jiang, X., Liu, H., Fey, C., Jiang, F. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation, network resource acquisition, and firm performance: A network approach. Journal of Business Research, 87, 46–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbus....
 
17.
Kaplan S. (2011). Research in Cognition and Strategy: Reflections on Two Decades of Progress and a Look to the Future. Journal of Management Studies, 48(3), 665–695.
 
18.
Knight, G.A., Cavusgil, S.T. (2004). Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born-global firm. 35(2), 124–141. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(2), 124–141.
 
19.
Lonial, S.C., Carter, R.E. (2015). The impact of organizational orientations on medium and small firm performance: A resource-based perspective. Journal of Small Business Management, 53, 94–113, https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.1....
 
20.
Lumpkin, G.T., Dess, G.G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle, Journal of Business Venturing, 16(5), 429–451, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-....
 
21.
Martens, C.D.P., Lacerda, F.M., Belfort, A.C., Freitas, H.M.R.D. (2016). Research on entrepreneurial orientation: Current status and future agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(4), 556–583, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-....
 
22.
Núñez-López, N., Velasco-Hernández, J.X., Marquet, P.A. (2014). The dynamics of technological change under constraints: Adopters and resources. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems – B, 19(10), 3299–3317, doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2014.19.3299.
 
23.
O’Reilly, C.A., Tushman, M.L. (2008). Ambidexterity as a dynamic capability: Resolving the innovator’s dilemma. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 185–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob....
 
24.
Presutti, M., Fratocchi, L., Odorici, V. (2024). The impact of strategic orientations on born globals’ export performance: An ambidexterity approach. Management International Review, 64, 811–841, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575....
 
25.
Su, Z., Xie, E., Wang, D. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation, managerial networking, and new venture performance in China. Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), 228–248, https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.1....
 
26.
Vickers, J. (1995). Concepts of competition. Oxford Economic Papers, 47, 1–23.
 
27.
Wales, W.J. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation: A review and synthesis of promising research directions. International Small Business Journal, 34(1), 3–15, https://doi.org/10.1177/026624....
 
28.
Wang, C.L. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation, learning orientation, and firm performance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(4), 635–657, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540....
 
29.
Wiklund, J., Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: A configurational approach, Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), 71–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbus....
 
30.
Zhou, K., Li, C. (2009). How strategic orientations influence the building of dynamic capability in emerging economies. Journal of Business Research, 63, 224–.
 
eISSN:2391-789X
ISSN:1734-2031
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top