Objectives:
The aim of the article is to demonstrate how the crisis on the Polish–Belarusian border and the influx of war migrants from Ukraine have forced changes in Poland’s migration policy. The research main problem concerns the extent to which Poland’s migration policy constitutes a compromise between the logic of state security and solidarity with migrants and refugees. The study adopts the hypothesis that since 2021 Poland’s migration policy has taken on a dual-track character, with state responses to migration varying depending on the political context and the nature of incoming migrant groups, resulting in the use of both restrictive and securitizing instruments as well as solidarity-based measures.

Material and methods:
The article employs document analysis, which made it possible to reconstruct the main directions of state actions in the field of migration. This approach is complemented by institutional-legal and comparative analysis, comparing Poland’s responses to the crisis on the border with Belarus and the influx of war migrants from Ukraine. Additionally, a case study method is used to present both phenomena in detail as factors shaping Poland’s migration policy.

Results:
In response to hybrid threats at the Belarusian border, Poland introduced numerous legislative, infrastructural, and operational measures, strengthening security as the central reference point of its migration policy. At the same time, actions toward Ukrainian refugees were primarily humanitarian and solidarity-based. Simplified residence procedures and access to public services demonstrated the state’s flexibility in crisis management.

Conclusions:
A key challenge in migration policy remains finding a balance between security and solidarity—values that, in the face of emerging challenges and threats, at times prove impossible to reconcile.