ORIGINAL PAPER
The Impact of Climate Change on Security
 
More details
Hide details
1
Politechnika Koszalińska
 
 
Submission date: 2024-02-21
 
 
Final revision date: 2024-07-03
 
 
Acceptance date: 2024-08-09
 
 
Publication date: 2024-09-22
 
 
Corresponding author
Krzysztof Kaczmarek   

Politechnika Koszalińska
 
 
JoMS 2024;58(4):410-430
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Objectives:
The aim of this article is to analyse the impact of climate change on broadly understood global security and to provide recommendations for further research on this issue.

Material and methods:
For the purposes of this study, the basic research method used was a review of the literature and the results of the latest research on global warming, its causes, and impact on various aspects of the functioning of societies and states. The descriptive analysis method was also used.

Results:
The greatest security threat resulting from climate change is that much of it is not yet known. It cannot be ruled out that the critical point of climate change has already been exceeded, and the effects of this

Conclusions:
The only solution seems to be to prepare for more frequent and intense weather extremes and to change the perception of what is a climate anomaly and what is the norm. Holistic research should also be carried out on the impact of climate change on the human security environment, both in social and biological terms. Such research should take into account all possible, even not yet existing, variables.

 
REFERENCES (62)
1.
Adger, W.N., Barnett, J., Heath, S., Jarillo, S. (2022). Climate change affects multiple dimensions of well-being through impacts, information, and policy responses, 6, 1465–1473. Nature Human Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562....
 
2.
Amable, D.S. (2022). Theorizing the Emergence of Security Regions: An Adaptation for the Regional Security Complex Theory, 2(4), ksac065. https://doi.org/10.1093/isagsq....
 
3.
Armstrong McKay, D.I., Staal, A., Abrams, J.F., Winkelmann, R., Sakschewski, B., Loriani, S., Fetzer, I., Cornell, S.E., Rockström, J., Lenton, T.M. (2022). Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points, 377(6611), eabn7950 Science, https://www.science.org/doi/ab....
 
4.
Arnall, A. (2023). Climate change and security research: Conflict, securitisation and human agency. e0000072. PLOS climate 2(3), https://doi.org/10.1371/journa....
 
5.
Baldwin, D.A. (1997). The Concept of Security. Review of International Studies, 23(1), 5–26. Pobrano z: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2... (dostęp: 25.05.2024).
 
6.
Carril, F., Paniagua, J., Suárez-Varela, M. (2022). Forced Migration and Food Crises, 2227, 1–38. Banco de Espana Working Paper. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssr....
 
7.
Chester, M., Underwood, B.S., Samaras, C. (2020). Keeping infrastructure reliable under climate uncertainty, 10, 488–490. Nature Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558....
 
8.
Cianconi, P., Betrò, S., Janiri, L. (2020). The impact of climate change on mental health: a systematic descriptive review, 11, 490206. Frontiers in psychiatry, 490206. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.....
 
9.
Clement, V., Rigaud, K.K., de Sherbinin, A., Jones, B., Adamo, S., Schewe, J., Sadiq, N., Shabahat, E. (2021). Groundswell Part 2: Acting on Internal Climate Migration. World Bank. Pobrano z: http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36... (dostęp: 13.02.2024).
 
10.
Crane, K., Li, L., Subramanian, P., Rovit, E., Liu, J. (2022). Climate change and mental health: A review of empirical evidence, mechanisms and implications, 13(12), 2096.Atmosphere. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos1....
 
11.
Darkwah, W.K., Odum, B., Addae, M., Koomson, A.D., Danso, K.B., Oti-Mensah, E.A., Quachie, A.T., Adormaa, B.B. (2018). Greenhouse Effect: Greenhouse Gases and Their Impact on Global Warming, 17(6), 1–9. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports. https://doi.org/10.9734/JSRR/2....
 
12.
Diller, C., Schnorr, M., Czickus, N. (2023). Kritische Infrastruktur aus einer doppelten Schutzperspektive: Methodische Identifizierungsprobleme und planerischer Handlungsbedarf, 47, 340–346. Standort. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00548....
 
13.
Dunne, D. (2022). Climate change ,,already” raising risk of virus spread between mammals. CarbonBrief. Pobrano z: https://www.carbonbrief.org/cl... (dostęp: 25.05.2024).
 
14.
Fichtner, C., Savelsberg, J., Buth, M. (2014). Kritische Infrastrukturen im Klimawandel: Verwundbarkeit und Anpassung – Forschung des Netzwerkes Vulnerabilität, BBK Bevölkerungsschutz, 4, 14–17.
 
15.
Formella, C., Giesing, Y. (2022). Klimawandel und Migration aus Entwicklungsländern. ifo Schnelldienst, 75(05), 19–22.
 
16.
Gabric, A.J. (2023). The Climate Change Crisis: A Review of Its Causes and Possible Responses, 14(1081), 1–13. Atmosphere. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos1....
 
17.
Gawrych, M. (2022). Zmiany klimatu a zdrowie psychiczne: przegląd aktualnej literatury, 56(4), 903–915. Psychiatria Polska. https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/On....
 
18.
Gordon, D., Reuland, F., Jacob, D.J., Worden, J.R., Shindell, D., Dyson, M. (2023). Evaluating net life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensities from gas and coal at varying methane leakage rates, 18(8), 084008. Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9....
 
19.
Gramling, C. (2019). In a climate crisis, is geoengineering worth the risks?. ScienceNews. Pobrano z: https://www.sciencenews.org/ar... (dostęp: 25.05.2024).
 
20.
Gramling, C. (2023). A new UN report lays out an ethical framework for climate engineering. ScienceNews. Pobrano z: https://www.sciencenews.org/ar... (dostęp: 25.05.2024).
 
21.
Hacaga, M. (2020). Siły Zbrojne RP a bezpieczeństwo Polski w dobie zmian klimatu. W: P. Paszak, P. Grochmalski, P. Lewandowski (red.). Polska racja stanu w perspektywie globalnych przemian, 256–276. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademii Sztuki Wojennej .
 
22.
Hasegawa, T., Fujimori, S., Havlík, P., Valin, H., Bodirsky, B.L., Doelman, J.C., Fellmann, T., Kyle, P., Koopman, J.F.L., Lotze-Campen, H., Mason-D’Croz, D., Ochi, Y., Pérez Domínguez, I., Stehfest, E., Sulser, T.B., Tabeau, A., Takahashi, K., Takakura, J., van Meijl, H., van Zeist, W.-J., Wiebe, K., Witzke, P. (2018). Risk of increased food insecurity under stringent global climate change mitigation policy, 8, 699–703. Nature Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558....
 
23.
Hoffmann, R., Sedová, B., Vinke, K. (2021). Improving the evidence base: A methodological review of the quantitative climate migration literature, 71, 102367, 1–14. Global Environmental Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloe....
 
24.
Hrabok, M., Delorme, A., Agyapong, V.I. (2020). Threats to mental health and well-being associated with climate change, 76, 102295. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janx....
 
25.
Hussain, S., Hassan, M., Sherazi, S.A.B., Karim, I. (2023). Moving Into Age of Pandemics Due to Climate Change, 1(2), 36–43. Journal of Sustainable Environment. https://doi.org/10.58921/jse.0....
 
26.
Ingle, H.E., Mikulewicz, M. (2020). Mental health and climate change: tackling invisible injustice, 4(4), e128 – e130. The Lancet Planetary Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-....
 
27.
Kaczan, D.J., Orgill-Meyer, J. (2020). The impact of climate change on migration: a synthesis of recent empirical insights, 158, 281–300. Climatic Change. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584....
 
28.
Kaczmarek, K. (2021). Sami identity in the face of climate change, 11, 47–55. Przegląd Narodowościowy / Review of Nationalities. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2....
 
29.
Karagiannis, G.M., Turksezer, Z.I., Alfieri, L., Feyen, L., Krausmann, E. (2019). Climate change and critical infrastructure – floods. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/007069.
 
30.
Karpiuk M. (2022). Crisis management vs. cyber threats. Sicurezza, Terrorismo e Societa, 16(2), 113–123. Pobrano z: https://www.sicurezzaterrorism... (dostęp: 13.02.2024).
 
31.
Kaufman, R. (2019). The Risks, Rewards and Possible Ramifications of Geoengineering Earth’s Climate. ScienceNews. Pobrano z: https://www.smithsonianmag.com... (dostęp: 25.05.2024).
 
32.
Klingaman, W.K., Klingaman, N.P. (2013). The Year without Summer. 1816 and the volcano that darkened the world and changed history. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
 
33.
Lawrance, E., Thompson, R., Fontana, G., Jennings, N. (2021). The impact of climate change on mental health and emotional wellbeing: current evidence and implications for policy and practice. Grantham Institute briefing paper, 36. Pobrano z: https://psychotraumanet.org/si... (dostęp: 17.05.2024).
 
34.
Lynch, J., Cain, M., Frame, D., Pierrehumbert, R. (2021). Agriculture’s Contribution to Climate Change and Role in Mitigation Is Distinct From Predominantly Fossil CO2-Emitting Sectors, 4, 518039. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.....
 
35.
Malhi, G.S., Kaur, M., Kaushik, P. (2021). Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Its Mitigation Strategies: A Review, 13(3), 1318, 1–21. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1303....
 
36.
McAllister, S. (2022, January 17). There could be 1.2 billion climate refugees by 2050. Here’s what you need to know. Zurich Insurance. Pobrano z: https://www.zurich.com/en/medi... (dostęp: 13.02.2024).
 
37.
Moilanen, U., Paasikivi, S. (2023). Esihistoriallisten tartuntatautien ja epidemioiden tutkimusmahdollisuudet Suomessa, 23(2), 5–18. Ennen ja nyt: Historian tietosanomat. https://doi.org/10.37449/ennen....
 
38.
Munro, D. (2023). Cults, Conspiracies, and Fantasies of Knowledge, 1–22. Episteme. https://doi.org/10.1017/epi.20....
 
39.
NASA. (2024). How Do We Know Climate Change Is Real?Pobrano z: https://climate.nasa.gov/evide... (dostęp: 15.02.2024).
 
40.
National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). (2023). Annual 2023 Global Climate Report. Pobrano z: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/acce... (dostęp: 13.02.2024).
 
41.
Owino, V., Kumwenda, C., Ekesa, B., Parker, M.E., Ewoldt, L., Roos, N., Lee, W.T., Tome D. (2021). Climate Change and Unsustainable Food Systems, 4, 941842. Frontiers in Climate. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.....
 
42.
Palinkas, L.A., Wong, M. (2020). Global climate change and mental health, 32, 12–16. Current opinion in psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cops....
 
43.
Petersen, R. (2022). Fear and Loathing in Moscow. The Russian biological weapons program in 2022. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Pobrano z: https://thebulletin.org/2022/1... (dostęp: 25.05.2024).
 
44.
Phys.org (2021). Russian scientists probe prehistoric viruses dug from permafrost. z https://phys.org/news/2021-02-... (dostęp: 25.05.2024).
 
45.
Polskie Radio (2020). 1816. Rok, w którym nie było lata. Pobrano z: https://www.polskieradio.pl/39....
 
46.
(dostęp: 14.02.2024).
 
47.
Popp, A., Rose, S.K., Calvin, K., Van Vuuren, D.P., Dietrich, J.P., Wise, M., Kriegler, E., Edenhofer, O., Riahi, K., Bauer, N., Bertram, C., Bosetti, V., Humpenöder, J.A., Leimbach, M., Kyle, P. (2014). Land-use transition for bioenergy and climate stabilization: model comparison of drivers, impacts and interactions with other land use based mitigation options, 123, 495–509. Climatic Change. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584....
 
48.
Prakash, A.E., Hussain, M.S., Krishnan, K., Abdulla, M.H. (2021). Quantification of ancient microbes and its susceptibility of antibiotic resistance from permafrost: A simulation study. Pobrano z: https://www.researchgate.net/p... (dostęp: 25.05.2024).
 
49.
Rada Europejska. (2024). Paryskie porozumienie klimatyczne. Pobrano z: https://www.consilium.europa.e... (dostęp: 15.02.2024).
 
50.
Ryan, S.J., Carlson, C.J., Mordecai, E.A., Johnson, L.R. (2019). Global expansion and redistribution of Aedes-borne virus transmission risk with climate change, 13(3), e0007213. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa....
 
51.
Sikorski, K. (2019). Państwo a bezpieczeństwo człowieka w XXI wieku. Globalne zagrożenia i wyzwania, 25 lat Human Security. W: Czy świat należy urządzić inaczej. Schyłek i początek, 197–211. Warszawa: Komitet Prognoz Polska 2000 Plus przy Prezydium PAN.
 
52.
Singh, B.K., Delgado-Baquerizo, M., Egidi, E., Guirado, E., Leach, J.E., Liu, H., Trivedi, P. (2023). Climate change impacts on plant pathogens, food security and paths forward, 21, 640–656. Nature Reviews Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579....
 
53.
Sovacool, B.K., Baum, C., Low, S. (2023). The next climate war? Statecraft, security, and weaponization in the geopolitics of a low-carbon future, 45, 101031, 2–16. Energy Strategy Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.....
 
54.
Szpak, A. (2019). Rada Bezpieczeństwa ONZ a zmiany klimatu, 12(2), 150–160. Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego. https://doi.org/10.34862/rbm.2....
 
55.
Takemura, T. (2020). Return to different climate states by reducing sulphate aerosols under future CO2 concentrations, 10, 21748. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598....
 
56.
Van de Vuurst, P., Escobar, L.E. (2023). Climate change and infectious disease: a review of evidence and research trends, 12(51), 1–10. Infect Dis Poverty. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249....
 
57.
Verbeek, A. (2019). Bezpieczeństwo planetarne: skutki zmian klimatu dla bezpieczeństwa. NATO Review.Pobrano z: https://www.nato.int/docu/revi... (dostęp: 11.02.2024).
 
58.
Walinski, A., Sander, J., Gerlinger, G., Clemens, V., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Heinz, A. (2023). The effects of climate change on mental health, 120(8), 117–124. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. https://doi.org/10.3238/arzteb....
 
59.
Woetzel, J., Krishnan, M., Pinner, D., Samandari, H., Engel, H., Boland, B., Cooper, P., Ruby, B. (2020). Will infrastructure bend or break under climate stress?. McKinsey Global Institute. Pobrano z: https://www.mckinsey.com/capab...# (dostęp: 13.02.2024).
 
60.
Wolfers, A. (1952). ,,National Security” as an Ambiguous Symbol, 67(4), 481–502. Political Science Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.2307/214513....
 
61.
Wu, R., Trubl, G., Taş, N., Jansson, J.K. (2022). Permafrost as a potential pathogen reservoir, 5(4), 351–360. One Earth. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onee....
 
62.
Zou, C., Ma, F., Pan, S., Lin, M., Zhang, G., Xiong, B., Wang, Y., Liang, Y., Yang, Z. (2022). Earth energy evolution, human development, and carbon neutral strategy, 49(2), 468–488. Petroleum Exploration and Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-....
 
eISSN:2391-789X
ISSN:1734-2031
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top