This article presents a comparative analysis of teacher education systems in Poland and Ukraine, with the aim of identifying their key similarities and differences and assessing the transferability of selected elements of the Polish model to the Ukrainian context. The study examines the legal and institutional frameworks, the structure of teacher education, models of programme organization, and systems of professional development. Both countries operate within the European educational space and follow the principles of the Bologna Process, which ensures a degree of structural comparability. However, the Polish system is characterized by greater decentralization, flexibility, and openness of educational pathways, whereas the Ukrainian system demonstrates a higher level of structural coherence and normative regulation. The findings suggest that the Polish model supports faster professional adaptation, while the Ukrainian model provides a stronger theoretical and methodological foundation. The analysis highlights the need to strengthen the practical component of teacher education in Ukraine, expand access to diversified educational pathways, and further develop systems of continuous professional development.