In this article the Authors present the introduction of Council Framework Decision 2004/757 / JHA / into the legal system of the European Union and the Member States. In the fi rst part, historical facts preceding the draft ing and implementation of the decision there have been presented. It means in particular –  the documents issued by the European Union on combat and prevent drug abuse. Th e article also presents data of a social nature with regard to the drug problem among youths. Th en the content broadly discuss provisions of the concerned legislation with respect inter alia to the defi nitions contained in it, forms of crime, penalties, special circumstances and the liability of legal persons. In the last part the above provisions were discussed in detail in terms of their subsequent implementation in the Polish legal system. Simultaneously it took into account the scope of required changes made by the legislature in order to make full use of the Decision. The Authors also referred to the issue of repressive drug policy in Poland compared to other European Union countries.