REVIEW PAPER
Navigating "permanent" temporality: strategic management and sustainable development in project-oriented non-profit organizations – a conceptual adaptation
More details
Hide details
1
Białystok University of Technology
Submission date: 2025-10-22
Final revision date: 2026-05-14
Acceptance date: 2026-06-19
Publication date: 2026-07-29
JoMS 2026;66(2):776-792
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Objectives
This study explores the concept of "permanent temporality" within the project management frameworks of non-profit organizations dedicated to addressing Society 5.0 challenges through recurring project cycles.
Material and methods
By analyzing survey data from the Polish non-profit sector, the research identifies a high degree of projectification and highlights unique tensions arising from the "triple constraint" of time, budget, and scope.
Results
The paper utilizes a theoretical framework grounded in paradox theory, proposing "permanent temporality" as a specific contextual adaptation of existing temporality paradoxes. This approach allows for a nuanced distinction between project-oriented and non-project-oriented entities, revealing how managers must navigate the contradiction between short-term funding cycles and the long-term, sustainable implementation of an organization's mission.
Conclusions
The study concludes that "permanent temporality" is a pervasive phenomenon where transient project forms are multiplied into a permanent mode of activity. To manage these paradoxes, the author proposes corrective strategies such as mission-alignment audits, diversification of funding, and the implementation of "project exit" strategies. Future research should focus on international comparative analyses and exploring deprojectification as a conscious organizational choice.
FUNDING
This paper is funded in the framework of the work No. WZ-INZ/3/2026 at the Bialystok University of Technology and financed from the research subsidy provided by the minister responsible for science.
REFERENCES (28)
1.
Aguilar Velasco, M. M., & Wald, A. (2022). The dark side of projectification: A systematic literature review and research agenda on the negative aspects of project work and their consequences for individual project workers. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 15(2), 272–298. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-....
2.
Andriopoulos, C., & Lewis, M. W. (2010). Managing Innovation Paradoxes: Ambidexterity Lessons from Leading Product Design Companies. Long Range Planning, 43(1), 104–122. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.....
3.
Berglund, K., Lindgren, M., & Packendorff, J. (2020). The Worthy Human Being as Prosuming Subject: ‘Projectified Selves’ in Emancipatory Project Studies. Project Management Journal, 51(4), 367–377. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1177/875697....
4.
Buonomo, I., Benevene, P., Barbieri, B., & Cortini, M. (2020). Intangible Assets and Performance in Nonprofit Organizations:A Systematic Literature Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.....
5.
Carmine, S., & De Marchi, V. (2023). Reviewing Paradox Theory in Corporate Sustainability Toward a Systems Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 184(1), 139–158. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551....
6.
Charmaz, K. (2012). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis (Repr). Sage.
7.
Fortes, M. V. B., Agostini, L., Wegner, D., & Nosella, A. (2023). Paradoxes and Tensions in Interorganizational Relationships: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(1). Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16....
8.
Huemann, M. (2022). Celebrating the power of projects and their management. International Journal of Project Management, 40(1), 1–3. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpr....
9.
Ika, L. A., & Munro, L. T. (2022). Tackling grand challenges with projects: Five insights and a research agenda for project management theory and practice. International Journal of Project Management, 40(6), 601–607. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpr....
10.
Jacobsson, M., & Jałocha, B. (2025). An essay on deprojectification: Drivers and consequences. International Journal of Project Management, 43(2). Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpr....
11.
Jakobsen, R. (2022). Public Sector Projectification – A Systematic Review of the Literature. Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration, 26(4), 91–112. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.58235/sjpa.....
12.
Jarzabkowski, P., Bednarek, R., Chalkias, K., & Cacciatori, E. (2019). Exploring inter-organizational paradoxes: Methodological lessons from a study of a grand challenge. Strategic Organization, 17(1), 120–132. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1177/147612....
13.
Jensen, A., Thuesen, C., & Geraldi, J. (2016). The Projectification of Everything: Projects as a Human Condition. Project Management Journal, 47(3), 21–34. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1177/875697....
15.
Löfström, M. (2025). Projectified collaboration between nonprofit organizations and public organizations. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 18(8), 1–21. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-....
16.
Małecka-Dobrogowska, M. (2025). Projektyzacja. Perspektywa organizacji sektora non profit w Polsce. Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej.
17.
Małecka-Dobrogowska, M. (2026). Paradoxes of projectification. Case study of Polish nonprofit organizations. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology 2026, Organization and management series no. Xxx. Article in press.
18.
Miron-Spektor, E., Ingram, A., Keller, J., Smith, W. K., & Lewis, M. W. (2018). Microfoundations of organizational paradox: The problem is how we think about the problem. Academy of Management Journal, 61(1), 26–45. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.20....
19.
Naderpajouh, N., Matinheikki, J., Keeys, L. A., Aldrich, D. P., & Linkov, I. (2023). Resilience science: Theoretical and methodological directions from the juncture of resilience and projects. International Journal of Project Management, 41(8). Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpr....
20.
Nieto-Rodriguez, A. (2021). Harvard Business Review Project Management Handbook. How to Launch, Lead, and Sponsor Successful Projects.
21.
Schad, J., & Bansal, P. (2018). Seeing the Forest and the Trees: How a Systems Perspective Informs Paradox Research. Journal of Management Studies, 55(8), 1490–1506. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.1....
22.
Schad, J., Lewis, M. W., Raisch, S., & Smith, W. K. (2016). Paradox Research in Management Science: Looking Back to Move Forward. Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), 5–64. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1080/194165....
23.
Schoper, Y.-G., Wald, A., Ingason, H. T., & Fridgeirsson, T. V. (2018). Projectification in Western economies: A comparative study of Germany, Norway and Iceland. International Journal of Project Management, 36(1), 71–82. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpr....
24.
Smith, W., & Lewis, M. (2011). Toward a theory of paradox: A dynamic equilibrium model of organizing. Academy of Management Review, 36(2), 381–403. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.20....
25.
Trocki, M. (2012). Nowoczesne zarządzanie projektami. PWE.
26.
Voros Fregolente, M., Neto, A. C. S., Ribeiro, D. R. P., Salerno, M. S., Nakano, D. N., & de Carvalho, M. M. (2022). From the wall of the industry to the soul of society: A review and multi-level analysis on projectification. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 15(2), 241–271. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-....
27.
Wald, A., Ingason, H. T., & Fridgeirsson, T. V. (2025). Ten years after: The evolution of projectification in Germany, Norway, and Iceland. International Journal of Project Management, 43(2). Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpr....
28.
Wiewiora, A., & Desouza, K. C. (2022). Surfacing and responding paradoxes in megascale projects. International Journal of Project Management, 40(3), 235–250. Scopus.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpr....