Objectives:
The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underly-ing agrammatism and paragrammatism in aphasia patients and to present effective therapeutic approaches aimed at minimizing grammatical deficits. Special attention was paid to analyzing the communication barriers in two female patients (motor aphasia and sensory aphasia) and to developing and implementing a set of speech-therapy exercises designed to restore proper mor-phological and syntactic function.

Material and methods:
This investigation employed a descriptive case-study design, characterizing two patients: P1 (56 years old, kinetic-motor aphasia) and P2 (72 years old, acoustic-gnostic aphasia). Samples of spontaneous speech, repetition tasks, and object-naming were collected both before and after a series of therapy sessions. The therapeutic program included exercises in automatic word se-quences, sentence-completion tasks (with and without visual prompts), training in collocations and syntactic constructions, and text-based tasks targeting morphological gaps.

Results:
Following the therapy cycle, both patients demonstrated increased speech fluency and more frequent use of correct grammatical forms. In P1, there was a marked reduction in omitted prep-ositions and inflectional endings, along with improved sentence organization. In P2, accuracy in using numerals and pronouns improved, and both semantic and phonemic paraphasias de-creased. Objective analyses of the recordings and the therapist’s subjective ratings both indicat-ed significant progress in morphology and syntax.

Conclusions:
Decades of studies link agrammatism to Broca-area damage; severity ramps up with lesion size. Therapy requires intensive, tailored grammar drills; e-learning offers remote personalized practice but can’t replace work with a specialist.